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DNA Methylation Patterns in patients with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Vítková, Magdalena ; Steiner Mrázová, Lenka (advisor) ; Krejčík, Zdeněk (referee)
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are diseases characterized by abnormal development of the central nervous system and brain. Simultaneously, the NDDs may also be associated with specific changes in DNA methylation. The rapid development of sequencing techniques, particularly whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES), has helped to uncover a number of genes associated with NDDs. Determining the pathogenicity of the variants found remains a challenge in the diagnosis of patients with NDDs. Finding the DNA methylation patterns by microarray or methylation sequencing in patients with NDDs carrying a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) may provide valuable information to address this problem. This thesis demonstrates the feasibility of using these approaches to functionally classify found variants in the KDM5C, ARID1B, ATRX, and BRWD3 genes. The aim was to determine whether there are changes in the DNA methylation patterns of patients with NDDs compared to probands and healthy controls, which could be used to confirm the diagnosis. Key words: DNA methylation patterns, DNA methylation, histone modifications, NDDs, KDM5C, ARID1B, ATRX, BRWD3
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Polyomavirus minichromosomes: interactions with components of innate imunity
Satratzemis, Christos ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Trejbalová, Kateřina (referee)
The genome of polyomaviruses is a circular dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) which is associated with cellular histones within virions and during the entire viral replication cycle. Given the structural similarity to eukaryotic chromatin, the complex of polyomaviral DNA with histones is called minichromosome. The chromatin state of minichromosomes influences viral transcription and replication which could be exploited by the host innate immune response. One of the components of innate immunity, that affects viral chromatin, is the non-canonical histone H3.3, its chaperone DAXX- ATRX (death domain associated protein 6-alpha-thalassemia, mental retardation X-linked syndrome) and protein complexes called PML (promyelocytic leukemia protein). In order to trigger the innate immune response, foreign and/or stress molecules have to detected. During mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) infection, the innate immune response is initiated via the DNA sensor cGAS (cyclic GMP- AMP synthase). In this master's thesis, the distribution of histone H3.3, its chaperone DAXX-ATRX and the PML protein was analyzed during infection with MPyV. Using mass spectrometry, the histone was detected within viral chromatin. The data suggest that the chaperone complex and PML are involved in the regulation of H3.3 incorporation into the chromatin...
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